 
Panniers
Panniers are bags that hang to the sides of the rear or front wheels. Make sure they are reasonably (totally is better) waterproof and have side pockets for things you'll need frequently, such as maps. The only bags that are reported to be totally waterproof are Ortliebs. To enhance waterproof characteristics, they have no external pockets to avoid seams.
Avoid zippers that are too small, or better, avoid zippers altogether. They tend to tear after a while. Also avoid straps sewn into the bag that hold it to the rack. No seam should carry any load or it will tear eventually. Bolted-on hooks work better. Make sure there is a clamp that holds the bag to the rack; a pothole might otherwise throw off the bags.
Some rear panniers are attached to each other, forming an upside-down U shape. This makes them much easier to carry over one's shoulder. Choose the bags large enough so one remains at least one-quarter empty when fully packed. You'll need the space for food when riding.
You should think long and hard about front panniers as they put weight on your front
wheel which makes steering more sluggish. Consider packing less instead. If you ride very long distances in cold or wet areas where doing laundry is impossible or very difficult, you may need to pack so much that you have no other choice though.
Unless you decide to buy Ortlieb bags, pack everything into plastic bags. This makes it easier to find things, too. Consider packing all clothing in one bag, and tools, maps, and other items in the other bag. This leaves space in the left bag for food, and it ends up
smaller than the right one, allowing a better view from my bar-end mirror.
You might consider traveling with an extra cylindrical Ortlieb bag on top of the rear rack that holds my sleeping bag and other things that absolutely must stay dry.
Content by Thomas Driemeyer, www.bitrot.de
Edited by Reg Gupton, gupton@growthseminars.com
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